>>1521268
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9149568/
>Dark personalities refer to socially aversive traits such as spitefulness, greed, sadism, narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism in the subclinical range. Dark personality traits have attracted an exponential increase of empirical attention in recent years (e.g., Fernández-del-Río et al., 2020; Lebuda et al., 2021; Michels and Schulze, 2021).
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33779194/
>Enduring patterns of socially aversive behavior are ascribed to stable personality disorders (such as narcissistic or antisocial tendencies) in clinical psychology or to so called "dark" traits in personality psychology. As recently shown, the substantial overlap among the latter constructs is attributable to a single underlying disposition, called the Dark Factor of Personality (D). Whereas evidence supports the conceptualization of D as the core of aversive traits, the structure of the specific factors of D received less empirical attention so far. To this end, this study further scrutinizes the internal structure of D with items stemming from 12 different aversive traits assessed in three large and heterogeneous samples (total N > 160,000). Specifically, we (a) explored the bifactor structure of D using a modified "bass-ackwards" approach, (b) cross-validated the identified factor solutions via confirmatory factor analyses, and (c) examined the empirical relation of D and the specific factors to five criterion measures. Results indicate that a bifactor structure modeling D along with five specific factors-or themes-labeled Callousness, Deceitfulness, Narcissistic Entitlement, Sadism, and Vindictiveness, best describes the internal structure of D

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